Everyone is familiar with the term bank as one needs its services in everyday life. Here we will discuss everything about bank so that one can understand all about it in easy to understand words.  

A bank can be described as a government-licensed financial institution and its primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money at differing maturities. This institution receives, keeps, and lends money at interest. For the sake of making profits, modern banks generally "borrow short and lend long" which means it take money from depositors and lend that money for longer-term projects.
Over a period of time many other financial activities were added for example banks play an important role in financial markets and also offer financial services such as investment funds. In different countries the ownership of banks vary like in Germany, banks are the primary owners of industrial corporations. In other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial companies, while in Japan, banks are usually the nexus of a cross-share holding entity known as the zaibatsu. If you see in France, bancassurance is prevalent because most banks offer insurance services (and now real estate services) to their clients.

In different countries the level of government regulation of the banking industry varies widely. In countries such as Iceland, the United Kingdom and the United States they have relatively light regulation of the banking sector, while China has relatively heavier regulation.

Banks play a role of payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers on the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts. It also enables customer payments via other payment modes which include telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM.

How borrowing and Lending of Money Works
As banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, it accepts term deposits, and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. While it lends money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. Almost all payment services are provided by banks. A bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments.

Most of the funds bank borrows are from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and non-financial businesses. On the other hand, non-bank lenders provide a significant and in many cases adequate substitute for bank loans, and money market funds, cash management trusts and other non-bank financial institutions in many cases provide an adequate substitute to banks for lending savings to. debt management solution

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